Showing posts with label Cancer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cancer. Show all posts
What Is Mesothelium?
The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelium derives from the embryonic mesoderm cell layer, that lines the coelom (body cavity) in the embryo. It develops into the layer of cells that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body.
The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that is released between these layers, allowing moving organs (such as the beating heart and the expanding and contracting lungs) to glide easily against adjacent structures. Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while the layer that covers the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium.
The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that is released between these layers, allowing moving organs (such as the beating heart and the expanding and contracting lungs) to glide easily against adjacent structures. Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while the layer that covers the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium.
The mesothelium has different names, depending on its location in the body. The peritoneum is the mesothelial tissue that covers most of the organs in the abdominal cavity. The pleura is the membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the wall of the chest cavity. The pericardium covers and protects the heart. The mesothelial tissue surrounding the male internal reproductive organs is called the tunica vaginalis testis. The tunica serosa uteri covers the internal reproductive organs in women.
What Is Mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that is almost always caused by previous exposure to asbestos. In this disease, malignant cells develop in the mesothelium, a protective lining that covers most of the body's internal organs. Its most common site is the pleura (outer lining of the lungs and chest cavity), but it may also occur in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity) or the pericardium (a sac that surrounds the heart).
Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles, or they have been exposed to asbestos dust and fibre in other ways, such as by washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos. Unlike lung cancer, there is no association between mesothelioma and smoking. Compensation via asbestos funds or lawsuits is an important issue in mesothelioma.
The symptoms of mesothelioma include shortness of breath due to pleural effusion (fluid between the lung and the chest wall) or chest wall pain, and general symptoms such as weight loss. The diagnosis can be made with chest X-rays and a CT scan, and confirmed with a biopsy (tissue sample) and microscopic examination. A thoracoscopy (inserting a tube with a camera into the chest) can be used to take biopsies. It allows the introduction of substances such as talc to obliterate the pleural space (called pleurodesis), which prevents more fluid from accumulating and pressing on the lung. Despite treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or sometimes surgery, the disease carries a poor prognosis. Research about screening tests for the early detection of mesothelioma is ongoing.
Source: Wikipedia
How To Reduce Risks of Breast Cancer in Women
It May be a new reason for physical education classes in schools and a new engine for women to reach the gym. New research has shown that physical activity helps reduce the risk of breast cancer among women. The researchers found that women between the ages of 12 and 35 who exercised regularly may reduce their risk of the disease by 23%.
A prospective study, funded by the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society, was conducted involving approximately 65000 pre-menopausal women, a nurse Health Study II. The survey focused on researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Harvard University in Boston. For the survey, women explained their physical activities carried out from 12 years now. The survey results revealed that women who walked 13 hours per week or 3.25 lasted hours have 23 percent lower risk of developing breast cancer before menopause than women who were less active. Five hundred and fifty women and about 65000 enrolled in the investigation developed breast cancer before menopause within six years.
There are many factors that increase women's chances of developing breast cancer and many of those, like early onset of menses, when menopause occurs and family history are uncontrollable. However, there are several factors that can be controlled and can help prevent breast cancer, such as exercise, alcohol consumption, body weight, and taking hormones.
Breast cancer deaths have declined nationally during recent years, perhaps because of early detection and diagnosis. It is still the second leading cause of death among women (after lung cancer in the number one spot). All the risk of cancer increases with age. At 30 years, women over a period of 10 years has a 1 in 234 chance to develop breast cancer, but at 60 this opportunity has increased by 1 to 28.
The exercise! It contributes not only to your physical well-being, it has also been found to help ward off breast cancer. Studies have shown that even if you were a books increasingly, it is never too late to start exercising. A researcher has found that two hours of walking per day prevented quarter cases of breast cancer. Walk to the mailbox, walk to your neighbor rather than driving, do not park in the parking spot closest, and take the stairs whenever possible. Find ways to walk or exercise during your normal daily activities. It might help you in more ways than you realize.
There are many factors that increase women's chances of developing breast cancer and many of those, like early onset of menses, when menopause occurs and family history are uncontrollable. However, there are several factors that can be controlled and can help prevent breast cancer, such as exercise, alcohol consumption, body weight, and taking hormones.
Breast cancer deaths have declined nationally during recent years, perhaps because of early detection and diagnosis. It is still the second leading cause of death among women (after lung cancer in the number one spot). All the risk of cancer increases with age. At 30 years, women over a period of 10 years has a 1 in 234 chance to develop breast cancer, but at 60 this opportunity has increased by 1 to 28.
The exercise! It contributes not only to your physical well-being, it has also been found to help ward off breast cancer. Studies have shown that even if you were a books increasingly, it is never too late to start exercising. A researcher has found that two hours of walking per day prevented quarter cases of breast cancer. Walk to the mailbox, walk to your neighbor rather than driving, do not park in the parking spot closest, and take the stairs whenever possible. Find ways to walk or exercise during your normal daily activities. It might help you in more ways than you realize.
Breast Cancer in Younger Women
Beware: Breast Cancer May Be More Aggressive in Younger Women
Breast cancer! The words tend to spread fear in the heart of most women. They are, in short, scary, although usually spoken or heard the conversation on the news. The latest news, with the permission of Norwegian researchers, is that the rate of breast cancer develops varies and tends to have a growth rate faster among young women, which offers little solace.
Breast cancer! The words tend to spread fear in the heart of most women. They are, in short, scary, although usually spoken or heard the conversation on the news. The latest news, with the permission of Norwegian researchers, is that the rate of breast cancer develops varies and tends to have a growth rate faster among young women, which offers little solace.
The scientists used a new mathematical model that enabled them to estimate the number of breast cancers that are detected by mammography. The principal researcher Harald Weedon-Fekjr, Department of etiological research, Cancer Registry of Norway, said: "We found that mammography test sensitivity of the screen increases with the size of tumors has increased, as Not surprisingly. detection rate is only 26% for a 5 millimeter tumor, but increase to 91% once a tumor is 10 mm in size. "
Researchers model was tested by mammography results of the age of 50 to 69 in a study of 395188 women. A complex formula was used to determine the size of tumors were when they were detected; surgically removed tumors were measured, as well as other data have been compiled in the study. Researchers say these findings May aid in the evaluation and planning of screening programs, and other studies and clinical trials. "There are enormous implications for the sensitivity of breast cancer screening programmes," Weedon-Fekjr added.
The growth rate of tumors showed a significant difference between patients. About one in 20 tumors doubled in size-10-to 20 millimetres in just over a month, yet in other cases, the same number of tumours took over six years to double in size. The research team believes it takes an average of 1.7 years for tumors to double in size depending on their results. And tumor growth seems to be fastest among young women and slowed as older women. The research team's report reads as follows: "tumour growth seems to vary considerably between tumors, with higher growth rates among young women."
How many times a woman must obtain a mammogram? Some studies have reported evidence to support mammography and whether or not it saves lives. All experts agree that if the cancer is detected early, it is much easier to treat.
According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. At the global level, in 2007 it is estimated that 465000 women died of breast cancer and 1.3 million new cases were diagnosed.
Researchers model was tested by mammography results of the age of 50 to 69 in a study of 395188 women. A complex formula was used to determine the size of tumors were when they were detected; surgically removed tumors were measured, as well as other data have been compiled in the study. Researchers say these findings May aid in the evaluation and planning of screening programs, and other studies and clinical trials. "There are enormous implications for the sensitivity of breast cancer screening programmes," Weedon-Fekjr added.
The growth rate of tumors showed a significant difference between patients. About one in 20 tumors doubled in size-10-to 20 millimetres in just over a month, yet in other cases, the same number of tumours took over six years to double in size. The research team believes it takes an average of 1.7 years for tumors to double in size depending on their results. And tumor growth seems to be fastest among young women and slowed as older women. The research team's report reads as follows: "tumour growth seems to vary considerably between tumors, with higher growth rates among young women."
How many times a woman must obtain a mammogram? Some studies have reported evidence to support mammography and whether or not it saves lives. All experts agree that if the cancer is detected early, it is much easier to treat.
According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. At the global level, in 2007 it is estimated that 465000 women died of breast cancer and 1.3 million new cases were diagnosed.
Lung Cancer
What you should know about Lung Cancer
The first warning of lung cancer is usually a spot on a chest X-ray, which revealed a tumor in the lungs and ends up as a place on a chest X-ray. Like all cancers, the disease is the result of the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed. Cancerous cells grow and divide without control or order, often making excess tissue that becomes a tumor. The cells become cancerous in May nearby healthy tissue, or May break with the tumor and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other body parts, such as liver, bone, or the brain.
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The first warning of lung cancer is usually a spot on a chest X-ray, which revealed a tumor in the lungs and ends up as a place on a chest X-ray. Like all cancers, the disease is the result of the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Normal cells divide in a planned way, creating more cells only when needed. Cancerous cells grow and divide without control or order, often making excess tissue that becomes a tumor. The cells become cancerous in May nearby healthy tissue, or May break with the tumor and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other body parts, such as liver, bone, or the brain.
Signs / Symptoms of Lung Cancer
At the beginning of lung cancer are usually no symptoms. Later, signs include:
Difficulty breathing
Constant coughing
Achy, non-localized pain in the chest
Cold frequent
Sifflante
Expectorations bloody
The cough a lot of spat
Fatigue
Weakness
Weight loss
If the cancer has spread, May you also have other problems.
Lung Cancer Risks
Without treatment, the cancer eventually spread. Almost all forms of cancer, have unpleasant side effects, and May fail to halt its spread. However, treatment especially when performed early enough are generally improves your chances.
Lung Cancer Causes
Scientists do not know why one person develops cancer while another is not. However, factors that increase the chances of lung cancer are well known:
Smoking is the most common cause of lung cancer. The more you have smoked cigarettes and more that you smoke each day, the greater your risk. Constant exposure to secondhand smoke increases the chances.
Some industrial chemicals, if they are present in the air in your workplace, are also known culprits. Among them are asbestos, arsenic, chromium, beryllium, and radioactive materials.
Lung Cancer Care
To find out what stage the cancer is, your doctor will measure the size, check if the cancer has spread, and perform tests such as bone and lung scans, and tissue or bone biopsies. Test results will help you and your doctor decide on a treatment plan. There are many ways to treat cancer. Often, doctors use two or more types of treatment. For example, you get May medicine and radiation therapy or medicine and surgery. The main options for lung cancer are:
Biological Therapy (also known as biotherapy or immunotherapy). This approach uses special IV medicine to strengthen the body's ability to fight against the growth of cancer cells. The drug also May cancer cells weaker and easier to kill. Salaries May give you flu-like symptoms.
Chemotherapy Often called "chemotherapy", this type of therapy uses drugs to kill tumor cells or reduce new lymph nodes that contain cancer cells. Once the tumor is smaller, you May surgery to remove the remaining cancer. Some forms of cancer may be completely cured by medicines alone.
Many chemo drugs are available. May they be regarded as a pill, a shot or one IV. You'll probably need frequent blood tests to determine how your body is fact and how much you need chemotherapy. The drugs can produce many side effects, and you leave May susceptible to infection for some time.
Radiation: X-rays or gamma rays can kill cancer and help prevent its spread. They can also be effective in reducing pain, control bleeding, and shrinking cancerous tumors. The doctors also use this type of treatment on cancerous lymph nodes. Radiation and chemotherapy are often used at the same time. Radiation is also used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that were missed May.
Surgery: depending on the stage of your lung cancer, you May need surgery to remove all or a portion of the lung. May You also need to have lymph nodes taken to help prevent the cancer from spreading to other parts of your body.
Thoracentesis (Lucidity-uh-sen-Tee-SIS): If the air or fluid is trapped between the chest wall and outside of the lung, May you have difficulty breathing. To alleviate the problem, the doctor may drain the region with a needle inserted between the two coasts. You'll have numbness coup before the procedure.
At the beginning of lung cancer are usually no symptoms. Later, signs include:
Difficulty breathing
Constant coughing
Achy, non-localized pain in the chest
Cold frequent
Sifflante
Expectorations bloody
The cough a lot of spat
Fatigue
Weakness
Weight loss
If the cancer has spread, May you also have other problems.
Lung Cancer Risks
Without treatment, the cancer eventually spread. Almost all forms of cancer, have unpleasant side effects, and May fail to halt its spread. However, treatment especially when performed early enough are generally improves your chances.
Lung Cancer Causes
Scientists do not know why one person develops cancer while another is not. However, factors that increase the chances of lung cancer are well known:
Smoking is the most common cause of lung cancer. The more you have smoked cigarettes and more that you smoke each day, the greater your risk. Constant exposure to secondhand smoke increases the chances.
Some industrial chemicals, if they are present in the air in your workplace, are also known culprits. Among them are asbestos, arsenic, chromium, beryllium, and radioactive materials.
Lung Cancer Care
To find out what stage the cancer is, your doctor will measure the size, check if the cancer has spread, and perform tests such as bone and lung scans, and tissue or bone biopsies. Test results will help you and your doctor decide on a treatment plan. There are many ways to treat cancer. Often, doctors use two or more types of treatment. For example, you get May medicine and radiation therapy or medicine and surgery. The main options for lung cancer are:
Biological Therapy (also known as biotherapy or immunotherapy). This approach uses special IV medicine to strengthen the body's ability to fight against the growth of cancer cells. The drug also May cancer cells weaker and easier to kill. Salaries May give you flu-like symptoms.
Chemotherapy Often called "chemotherapy", this type of therapy uses drugs to kill tumor cells or reduce new lymph nodes that contain cancer cells. Once the tumor is smaller, you May surgery to remove the remaining cancer. Some forms of cancer may be completely cured by medicines alone.
Many chemo drugs are available. May they be regarded as a pill, a shot or one IV. You'll probably need frequent blood tests to determine how your body is fact and how much you need chemotherapy. The drugs can produce many side effects, and you leave May susceptible to infection for some time.
Radiation: X-rays or gamma rays can kill cancer and help prevent its spread. They can also be effective in reducing pain, control bleeding, and shrinking cancerous tumors. The doctors also use this type of treatment on cancerous lymph nodes. Radiation and chemotherapy are often used at the same time. Radiation is also used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that were missed May.
Surgery: depending on the stage of your lung cancer, you May need surgery to remove all or a portion of the lung. May You also need to have lymph nodes taken to help prevent the cancer from spreading to other parts of your body.
Thoracentesis (Lucidity-uh-sen-Tee-SIS): If the air or fluid is trapped between the chest wall and outside of the lung, May you have difficulty breathing. To alleviate the problem, the doctor may drain the region with a needle inserted between the two coasts. You'll have numbness coup before the procedure.
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